Teaching is a noble profession that not only shapes the future of children but also plays a crucial role in the development of society as a whole. A career in teaching offers the opportunity to make a lasting impact, engage with young minds, and contribute to the educational sector. However, before one can step into a classroom, it’s important to understand the different types of teaching positions, the qualifications required, and the necessary steps to become a teacher. In India, teaching positions are generally classified into three categories: Primary Teachers (PRT), Trained Graduate Teachers (TGT), and Post Graduate Teachers (PGT). This article provides a detailed guide on how to become a PRT, TGT, or PGT teacher.
1. Understanding the Teaching Categories: PRT, TGT, and PGT
Before diving into the specifics of becoming a PRT, TGT, or PGT teacher, it is essential to understand the distinctions between these roles.
- PRT (Primary Teacher):
- PRT teachers are responsible for teaching students from classes 1 to 5. They focus on the foundational subjects like English, Mathematics, Science, and Social Studies. Primary school teachers play a significant role in nurturing young children and developing their basic skills and knowledge.
- TGT (Trained Graduate Teacher):
- TGT teachers teach students in classes 6 to 10. They specialize in a specific subject (e.g., Mathematics, Science, English, Social Science, etc.). TGTs are responsible for imparting more advanced knowledge and skills to their students.
- PGT (Post Graduate Teacher):
- PGT teachers typically teach students in classes 11 and 12. These teachers usually specialize in a particular subject (e.g., Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, etc.) and possess advanced knowledge of the subject, having completed a post-graduate degree in that field. PGTs guide students in preparing for board exams and offer deeper insights into their chosen subjects.
Each of these roles comes with its own set of responsibilities, qualifications, and requirements, which we will explore in detail.
2. Eligibility Criteria for Becoming a PRT, TGT, or PGT
Each teaching position has specific eligibility criteria that must be met before applying for a role. The minimum qualifications and experience required can vary depending on the school board (e.g., CBSE, ICSE, or state boards) and the particular subject taught.
(a) PRT (Primary Teacher)
- Educational Qualification:
- The candidate must have completed at least 12th grade with a minimum of 50% marks.
- A two-year Diploma in Elementary Education (D.El.Ed) or a Bachelor of Elementary Education (B.El.Ed) is a common qualification for PRT teachers.
- A B.A./B.Sc. degree followed by a Diploma in Education (D.Ed) is also acceptable in some cases.
- Certification:
- Candidates must clear the Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET), conducted by the CBSE, or the respective state-level Teacher Eligibility Test (TET).
- Age Limit:
- The age limit for PRT teachers generally ranges from 18 to 30 years, though it can vary depending on the school’s rules and government policies.
(b) TGT (Trained Graduate Teacher)
- Educational Qualification:
- A candidate must have completed a Bachelor’s degree (B.A., B.Sc., or B.Com.) in the specific subject they wish to teach.
- A Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) degree is mandatory for TGT positions.
- Certification:
- Similar to PRTs, TGT candidates must clear the CTET or state TET, depending on the school board. Some schools may also require candidates to pass a school-specific written exam or interview.
- Experience:
- A minimum of two years of teaching experience is preferred, especially in a recognized school.
- Age Limit:
- The age limit for TGT positions is usually between 21 to 35 years, with age relaxation for reserved category candidates.
(c) PGT (Post Graduate Teacher)
- Educational Qualification:
- The candidate must possess a Master’s degree (M.A., M.Sc., or M.Com.) in the subject they wish to teach. For example, a candidate wishing to teach Physics should have an M.Sc. in Physics.
- A Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) degree is mandatory.
- Certification:
- As with PRTs and TGTs, PGT candidates must clear the CTET or state TET. Some schools may also require additional qualifications or tests.
- Experience:
- PGT candidates are expected to have a minimum of three years of teaching experience, especially at the senior secondary level.
- Age Limit:
- The age limit for PGT positions typically ranges from 21 to 40 years, with age relaxation for reserved categories.
3. Steps to Become a PRT, TGT, or PGT Teacher
Once you understand the qualifications required, the next step is to follow a systematic approach to meet those criteria. Below are the steps involved in becoming a PRT, TGT, or PGT teacher:
Step 1: Complete the Necessary Educational Qualifications
For PRT teachers, completing the 12th grade along with a D.El.Ed or B.El.Ed course is crucial. For TGT and PGT teachers, the key is to pursue a Bachelor’s degree in your subject area, followed by a B.Ed degree. It is important to choose a course recognized by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE).
Step 2: Prepare for and Pass the Eligibility Tests (CTET/TET)
The next step is to clear the Teacher Eligibility Test (TET). The Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) is mandatory for candidates seeking teaching positions in central government schools like KendriyaVidyalayas and Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas. State governments also conduct their own TET exams for state-level schools.
The TET consists of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) based on child development, pedagogy, and the relevant subjects. Preparation for the TET exam should focus on strengthening knowledge of education concepts, child psychology, and subject-specific content.
Step 3: Apply for Teaching Vacancies
After passing the eligibility test, candidates can start applying for teaching positions in schools that match their qualifications. They can apply through school websites, recruitment advertisements, or government job portals. Ensure that your resume highlights your educational qualifications, teaching experience, and test scores.
Step 4: Prepare for Interviews and Demonstration Classes
Once your application is shortlisted, you will likely be called for an interview and/or a demonstration class. This is a critical stage where you need to showcase your teaching skills, subject knowledge, and ability to interact with students. Prepare thoroughly by practicing common interview questions and teaching strategies.
Step 5: Final Selection and Appointment
After clearing the interview and demonstration class, candidates will be selected based on their performance, and the final appointment will be made. Upon selection, teachers are required to go through an induction period, which may include training sessions or workshops to familiarize them with the school’s teaching practices and ethos.
6. Career Growth and Development
Once you become a PRT, TGT, or PGT teacher, there are several opportunities for career growth and professional development. Teachers can:
- Pursue higher qualifications like M.Ed., M.A., or a Ph.D. to enhance their teaching capabilities.
- Participate in workshops and training programs to stay updated on the latest teaching methods and educational trends.
- Seek promotions to positions like Head of Department (HOD), Principal, or Administrative roles in educational institutions.
Conclusion:
Becoming a PRT, TGT, or PGT teacher is an admirable and fulfilling career choice that requires dedication, patience, and a commitment to educating future generations. The pathway to becoming a teacher involves completing necessary educational qualifications, passing eligibility exams, and gaining teaching experience. Teachers play a significant role in shaping the future of society, and their contribution is immeasurable. If you are passionate about teaching and nurturing young minds, following the steps outlined above will help you achieve your dream of becoming a teacher.